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In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to co-opt rather than coerce (in contrast with hard power). It involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. Soft power is non-coercive, using culture, political values, and foreign policies to enact change.
Joseph Nye is the leading proponent and theorist of soft power. [86] [87] Instruments of soft power include debates on cultural values, dialogues on ideology, the attempt to influence through good example, and the appeal to commonly accepted human values. Means of exercising soft power include diplomacy, dissemination of information, analysis ...
In international relations, the term smart power refers to the combination of hard power and soft power strategies. It is defined by the Center for Strategic and International Studies as "an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand one's influence and establish legitimacy of one's ...
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A meeting of Japan, China, and the West by Shiba Kokan. c. late 18th – c. early 19th century. Cultural diplomacy is a type of soft power that includes the "exchange of ideas, information, art, language and other aspects of culture among nations and their peoples in order to foster mutual understanding". [1]
Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. (born January 19, 1937) is an American political scientist.He and Robert Keohane co-founded the international relations theory of neoliberalism, which they developed in their 1977 book Power and Interdependence.
Cyber-diplomacy is the evolution of public diplomacy to include and use the new platforms of communication in the 21st century. As explained by Jan Melissen in The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, cyber-diplomacy “links the impact of innovations in communication and information technology to diplomacy.” [1] Cyber-diplomacy is also known as or is part of public ...
In the first half of the 20th century, Fascist Italy, under Mussolini, utilized soft power strategies alongside its more aggressive foreign policies to extend its influence and power abroad. This approach included leveraging the arts, science, and culture to further diplomatic goals, building upon pre-fascist traditions of cultural diplomacy.