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Furthermore, treatment should be immediately administered to women diagnosed with hypothyroidism during pregnancy, as hypothyroidism is associated with a higher rate of complications, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and premature birth. [24] Thyroid hormone requirements increase during and last throughout pregnancy. [14]
Desiccated thyroid extract (DTE), is thyroid gland that has been dried and powdered for medical use. [1] It is used to treat hypothyroidism, [1] but less preferred than levothyroxine. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Maximal effects may take up to three weeks to occur. [1] Side effects may occur from excessive doses. [1]
Hypothyroidism is common in pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 2-3% and 0.3-0.5% for subclinical and overt hypothyroidism respectively. [8] Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world.
Liothyronine is a manufactured form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T 3). [2] It is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. [2] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [2] Side effects may occur from excessive doses. [2]
Certain medications can have the unintended side effect of affecting thyroid function. While some medications can lead to significant hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and those at risk will need to be carefully monitored, some medications may affect thyroid hormone lab tests without causing any symptoms or clinical changes, and may not require treatment.
Thyroid disease in women is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid in women. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy and on the child. It also is called Hashimoto's thyroiditis (theye-royd-EYET-uhss). During pregnancy, the infant may be seriously affected and have a variety of birth defects.
Other side effects include granulocytopenia (dose dependent, which improves on cessation of the drug) and aplastic anemia, and in case of propylthiouracil, severe, fulminant liver failure. [20] Patients on these medications should see a doctor if they develop sore throat or fever. The most common side effects are rash and peripheral neuritis. [21]
While T3 and T4 thyroid hormones rely on MCT8 to enter several tissues such as the brain, tiratricol can enter cells independently of MCT8. [1] Once inside cells, tiratricol activates the thyroid hormone receptor in a similar way to endogenous T3. [1] The most common side effects are excessive sweating, irritability, anxiety and nightmares. [1]
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