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The magnetic field (marked B, indicated by red field lines) around wire carrying an electric current (marked I) Compass and wire apparatus showing Ørsted's experiment (video [1]) In electromagnetism, Ørsted's law, also spelled Oersted's law, is the physical law stating that an electric current induces a magnetic field. [2]
Two current-carrying wires attract each other magnetically: The bottom wire has current I 1, which creates magnetic field B 1. The top wire carries a current I 2 through the magnetic field B 1, so (by the Lorentz force) the wire experiences a force F 12. (Not shown is the simultaneous process where the top wire makes a magnetic field which ...
The magnetic field of permanent magnets can be quite complicated, especially near the magnet. The magnetic field of a small [note 6] straight magnet is proportional to the magnet's strength (called its magnetic dipole moment m). The equations are non-trivial and depend on the distance from the magnet and the orientation of the magnet.
[6] [7] He investigated and discovered the rules which govern the field around a straight current-carrying wire: [8] The magnetic field lines encircle the current-carrying wire. The magnetic field lines lie in a plane perpendicular to the wire. If the direction of the current is reversed, the direction of the magnetic field reverses.
When electricity flows (with direction given by conventional current) in a long straight wire, it creates a cylindrical magnetic field around the wire according to the right-hand rule. The conventional direction of a magnetic line is given by a compass needle. Electromagnet: The magnetic field around a wire is relatively weak. If the wire is ...
By combining the Lorentz force law above with the definition of electric current, the following equation results, in the case of a straight stationary wire in a homogeneous field: [30] =, where ℓ is a vector whose magnitude is the length of the wire, and whose direction is along the wire, aligned with the direction of the conventional current I.
This is similar to the magnetic field produced on a plane by an infinitely long straight thin wire normal to the plane. This is a limiting case of the formula for vortex segments of finite length (similar to a finite wire): v = Γ 4 π r [ cos A − cos B ] {\displaystyle v={\frac {\Gamma }{4\pi r}}\left[\cos A-\cos B\right]} where A ...
It states that a magnetic field can be generated by an electric current. [13] The direction of the magnetic field is given by Ampère's right-hand grip rule. If the wire is straight, then the magnetic field is curled around it like the gripped fingers in the right-hand rule.