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The social determinants of health in poverty describe the factors that affect impoverished populations' health and health inequality. Inequalities in health stem from the conditions of people's lives, including living conditions, work environment, age, and other social factors, and how these affect people's ability to respond to illness. [1]
Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions. [2] Diseases of poverty are often co-morbid and ubiquitous with malnutrition. [3]
threaten public health by creating less pure air, limited drinking water and poor sanitation, with poorer communities suffering more (an environment in which poverty thrives). The World Bank affirms that, without much needed intervention, climate change could cause more than 100 million people, world-wide, to plunge into poverty by 2030.
Despite the overall improvement of world health, there still has not been any decrease in the health gap between the affluent and the impoverished. [16] Today, society is more likely to blame health issues on the individual rather than society as a whole. This was the prevailing view in the late 20th century. [16]
The inaccessibility of health care for those living in poverty has a substantial impact on the rate of disability within this population. [12] Individuals living in poverty face higher health risks and are often unable to obtain proper treatment, leading them to be significantly more likely to acquire a disability within their lifetime. [12]
Conversely, homelessness can cause further health issues, due to constant exposure to environmental threats such as violence and communicable diseases. Homeless people have disproportionately high rates of poly substance use, mental illness, physical health problems and legal issues/barriers in attaining employment. [32]
This is the case since the world population was just little more than 1 billion in 1820 and the majority (84% to 94%) [67] of the world population was living in poverty. According to one study, the percentage of the world population in hunger and poverty fell in absolute percentage terms from 50% in 1950 to 30% in 1970. [68]
According to World Bank, "Poverty headcount ratio at a defined value a day is the percentage of the population living on less than that value a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions."