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A Mars sample-return (MSR) mission is a proposed mission to collect rock and dust samples on Mars and return them to Earth. [1] Such a mission would allow more extensive analysis than that allowed by onboard sensors. [2]
In the summer of 2001, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) requested mission concepts and proposals from industry-led teams (Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and TRW). [17] The science requirements included at least 500 grams (18 oz) of samples, rover mobility to obtain samples at least 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the landing spot, and drilling to obtain one sample from a depth of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).
Tianwen-3 (Chinese: 天问三号) is a planned Mars sample-return mission by China which would send two spacecraft (an orbiter/Earth-returner and a lander/ascent-vehicle) via two separate launches to Mars. Together, the two spacecraft will seek to obtain samples of Martian rocks and soil and then return the cached samples to Earth. [1]
A number of Mars sample return missions are being planned, which would allow actual Martian regolith to be returned to Earth for more advanced analysis than is possible in situ on the surface of Mars. This should allow even more accurate simulants. The first of these missions is a multi-part mission beginning with the Mars 2020 lander. This ...
Watch live as a Nasa spacecraft returns to Earth with the largest asteroid sample in history on Sunday 24 September. After a seven-year, four-billion-mile journey across space, the ambitious NASA ...
SCIM was a sample return mission that would have used a free-return trajectory and aerogel to capture Mars dust and return it to Earth [17] (see also: the Stardust mission). MARVEL was an orbiter that would have searched for volcanism as well as analyzed various components of the Mars atmosphere. [17]
Later, other sample-return missions failed: Kosmos 300 and Kosmos 305 in 1969, Luna E-8-5 No. 405 in 1970, Luna E-8-5M No. 412 in 1975 had unsuccessful launches, and Luna 18 in 1971 and Luna 23 in 1974 had unsuccessful landings on the Moon. [13] In 1970, the Soviet Union planned for a 1975 first Mars sample-return mission in the Mars 5NM project.
ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is an astrobiology programme of the European Space Agency (ESA).. The goals of ExoMars are to search for signs of past life on Mars, [1] [2] investigate how the Martian water and geochemical environment varies, investigate atmospheric trace gases and their sources and, by doing so, demonstrate the technologies for a future Mars sample-return mission.