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  2. Multiple realizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_realizability

    Multiple realizability in general is not restricted to the multiple realizability of mental states. Many kinds of things can be realized by numerous physical devices. A wide variety of physical devices can serve as corkscrews, for example. Mental states can also be realized in a variety of ways.

  3. List of multiple discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_discoveries

    Commonly cited examples of multiple independent discovery are the 17th-century independent formulation of calculus by Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and others, described by A. Rupert Hall; [3] the 18th-century discovery of oxygen by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier and others; and the theory of the evolution ...

  4. Realizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizability

    In mathematical logic, realizability is a collection of methods in proof theory used to study constructive proofs and extract additional information from them. [1] Formulas from a formal theory are "realized" by objects, known as "realizers", in a way that knowledge of the realizer gives knowledge about the truth of the formula. There are many ...

  5. Multiregional origin of modern humans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiregional_origin_of...

    This model is consistent with the realization that modern humans cannot be classified into subspecies or races, and it recognizes that all populations of present-day humans share the same potential." [ 3 ] The African replacement model is also known as the "out of Africa" theory, which is currently the most widely accepted model.

  6. Popper's three worlds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popper's_three_worlds

    Popper's three worlds is a way of looking at and understanding reality, developed by the British philosopher Karl Popper in many lectures and books, for example "Objective Knowledge - An Evolutionary Approach" (1972) and "The Self And Its Brain" (1977). Popper's theory involves three interacting worlds, called world 1, world 2 and world 3. [1]

  7. Hyperreality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreality

    An oft-cited example of such a concept is cyberspace—originating in William Gibson's 1984 novel Neuromancer—which is a concept for the convergence between virtualities and actualities. [21] By the mid-1990s, the realization of this concept had begun to emerge on a mass scale in the form of the internet.

  8. Jungian archetypes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungian_archetypes

    Archetypes have been cited by multiple scholars as key figures within both ancient Greek and ancient Roman culture. Examples from ancient history include the epic works Iliad and Odyssey. Specifically, scholar Robert Eisner has argued that the anima concept within Jungian thought exists in prototype form within the goddess characters in said ...

  9. Peripeteia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripeteia

    The instantaneous conversion of Paul on the road to Damascus is a classic example of peripeteia, which Eusebius presented in his Life of Constantine as a pattern for the equally revelatory conversion of Constantine. Modern biographers of Constantine see his conversion less as a momentary phenomenon than as a step in a lifelong process.