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Nanofibers were first produced via electrospinning more than four centuries ago. [28] [29] Beginning with the development of the electrospinning method, English physicist William Gilbert (1544-1603) first documented the electrostatic attraction between liquids by preparing an experiment in which he observed a spherical water drop on a dry surface warp into a cone shape when it was held below ...
Electrospinning is a fiber production method that uses electrical force (based on electrohydrodynamic [1] principles) to draw charged threads of polymer solutions for producing nanofibers with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers.
This process typically yields VGCF with sub-micrometre diameters and lengths of a few to 100 μm, which accords with the definition of carbon nanofibers. They utilized organometallic compounds dissolved in a volatile solvent like benzene that would yield a mixture of ultrafine catalyst particles (5–25 nm in diameter) in hydrocarbon gas as the ...
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the electric power industry , it is the stage prior to its delivery ( transmission , distribution , etc.) to end users or its storage , using for example, the pumped-storage method.
Electrospinning extracts nanofibers from polymer solutions (synthesized by the sol-gel process) and collects them to form nonwoven nanofabrics. [19] A strong electric field is applied to the solution to charge the polymer strands. The solution is put into a syringe and aimed at an oppositely charged collector plate.
Conductive polymers or, more precisely, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are organic polymers that conduct electricity. [1] [2] Such compounds may have metallic conductivity or can be semiconductors. The main advantage of conductive polymers is that they are easy to process, mainly by dispersion.
[1] [2] These nanofibers have been shown to detect various gaseous chemicals, such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH 3), Hydrazine (N 2 H 4), chloroform (CHCl 3), and methanol (CH 3 OH). [1] PANI nanofibers can be further fined-tuned by doping and modifying the polymer chain conformation, among other methods, to increase selectivity to ...
The process operates as a vacuum-based deposition technique and is associated with high deposition rates up to some μm/s and the growth of nanoparticles in the gas phase. Nanocomposite layers in the ceramics range of composition were prepared from TiO 2 and Cu by the hollow cathode technique [ 11 ] that showed a high mechanical hardness ...