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Walter Jackson Freeman II (November 14, 1895 – May 31, 1972) was an American physician who specialized in lobotomy. [1] Wanting to simplify lobotomies so that it could be carried out by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospitals, where there were often no operating rooms, surgeons, or anesthesia and limited budgets, Freeman invented a transorbital lobotomy procedure.
[1] In 1960, at 12 years of age, Dully was submitted by his father and stepmother for a trans-orbital lobotomy, performed by Freeman for $200 (equivalent to $2,126 in 2024). [2] During the procedure, a long, sharp instrument called an orbitoclast was inserted through each of Dully's eye sockets 7 centimeters (2.8 in) into his brain.
Watts and Freeman wrote two books on lobotomies: Psychosurgery, Intelligence, Emotion and Social Behavior Following Prefrontal Lobotomy for Medical Disorders in 1942, and Psychosurgery in the Treatment of Mental Disorders and Intractable Pain in 1950. He is also known for carrying out the lobotomy of Rosemary Kennedy under the supervision of ...
Lobotomy patients often show a marked reduction in initiative and inhibition. [19] They may also exhibit difficulty imagining themselves in the position of others because of decreased cognition and detachment from society. [20] Walter Freeman coined the term "surgically induced childhood" and used it constantly to refer to the results of lobotomy.
The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and His Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-23292-0. Gibson, Barbara (1995). Rose Kennedy and Her Family: The Best and Worst of Their Lives and Times. Birch Lane Press. ISBN 1-55972-299-1. Kennedy, Rose (1974). Times to Remember. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-47657-4.
It was invented by Dr. Walter Freeman in 1948 to replace the unique form of leucotome used up until that point for the transorbital lobotomy procedure. This instrument is, essentially, an ice pick with some gradation marks etched onto the shaft.
A woman who underwent a trial immunotherapy as a child for neuroblastoma — an aggressive nerve tissue tumor that occurs often in children under 5 — has since been in remission for 18 years ...
Weston State Hospital found itself to be the home for the West Virginia Lobotomy Project in the early 1950s. This was an effort by the state of West Virginia and Walter Freeman to use lobotomy to reduce the number of patients in asylums because there was severe overcrowding. [18] [19]