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The Stono Rebellion (also known as Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina.It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonial era, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 African slaves killed.
Slave patrols first began in South Carolina in 1704 and spread throughout the thirteen colonies, lasting well beyond the American Revolution. As colonists enslaved more Africans and the population of enslaved people in South Carolina grew, especially with the invention of the cotton gin, so did the fear of slave uprisings.
[4]: 597 As such, "Confrontation in the Old South characteristically took the form of an individual slave's open resistance to plantation authorities," [4]: 599 or other individual or small-group actions, such as slaves opportunistically killing slave traders in hopes of avoiding forced migration away from friends and family. [5] [6]
Slavery was maintained during the French (1699–1763, and 1800–1803) and Spanish (1763–1800) periods of government. The first people enslaved by the French were Native Americans, but they could easily escape into the countryside which they knew well.
Enslaved people living near rivers escaped on boats and canoes. In 1855, Mary Meachum, a free Black woman, attempted to help eight or nine slaves escape from slavery on the Mississippi River near St. Louis, Missouri to the free state of Illinois. To assist with the escape were white antislavery activists and an African American guide from ...
The title character is a maroon of the Great Dismal Swamp who preaches against slavery and incites slaves to escape. [11] [16] [33] In 2022, Amina Luqman-Dawson published a young adult novel called Freewater, set in the Great Dismal Swamp. [34] In 2023, the historical fiction novel won the Newbery Medal as well as the Coretta Scott King Award. [35]
The number of enslaved people declined by the 1790 U.S. census to 499. To give those numbers context, York County residents held more slaves than any other county in the state in that census.
Between 1850 and 1860, she returned to the South numerous times to lead parties of other enslaved people to freedom, guiding them through the lands she knew well. She aided hundreds of people, including her parents, in their escape from slavery. [23] Tubman followed north–south flowing rivers and the north star to make her way north. She ...