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In fish gills, there are two types of lamellae, primary and secondary. The primary gill lamellae (also called gill filament) extends from the gill arch, and the secondary gill lamellae extends from the primary gill lamellae. Gas exchange primarily occurs at the secondary gill lamellae, where the tissue is notably only one cell layer thick.
Chimaeras differ from other cartilagenous fish, having lost both the spiracle and the fifth gill slit. The remaining slits are covered by an operculum, developed from the septum of the gill arch in front of the first gill. [6] The shared trait of breathing via gills in bony fish and cartilaginous fish is a famous example of symplesiomorphy.
Some aquatic gastropods possess a single row of filaments on their ctenidium, known as the monopectinate condition, [3] and others have a pair of filament rows, known as the bipectinate or aspidobranch condition. [6] The ctenidium hangs into the mantle cavity and increases the area available for gas exchange. [7]
Fish with densely spaced, elongated, comb-like gill rakers are efficient at filtering tiny prey, whereas carnivores and omnivores often have more widely spaced gill rakers with secondary projections. Because gill raker characters often vary between closely related taxa, they are commonly used in the classification and identification of fish ...
A gill (/ ɡ ɪ l / ⓘ) is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs , have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist.
gill arches The bony arches to which the gills are attached. gill cover A bony flap that covers the gills; another name for the operculum. gill filaments A series of projections along the posterior edge of the gill arch, the site of gas exchange. gill membranes Membranes covering the gill openings, attached to the branchiostegals. gill opening
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The southern bluefin tuna have a large gill surface area which is important for oxygen consumption and handling high osmoregulatory costs, associated with the high resting metabolic rate. [25] They can adapt to increasing water salinity, where the ionocyte increase in size, gill filaments become thicker, the surface area of the basolateral ...