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Self-transcendence is distinctive as the first trait-concept of a spiritual nature to be incorporated into a major theory of personality. [6] It is one of the "character" dimensions of personality assessed in Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. [2] It is also assessed by the Self-Transcendence Scale [7] and the Adult Self ...
The second dimension, self-enhancement versus self-transcendence, contrasts self-focused interests with values oriented toward the welfare of others. [1] Although the theory distinguishes ten values, the borders between the motivators are artificial and one value flows into the next, which can be seen by the following shared motivational emphases:
Carl Rogers used the term "self-actualization" to describe something distinct from the concept developed by Maslow: the actualization of the individual's sense of 'self.' [35] In Rogers' theory of person-centered therapy, self-actualization is the ongoing process of maintaining and enhancing the individual's self-concept through reflection ...
Self-enhancement can occur by either self-advancing or self-protecting, that is either by enhancing the positivity of one's self-concept, or by reducing the negativity of one's self-concept. [8] Self-protection appears to be the stronger of the two motives, given that avoiding negativity is of greater importance than encouraging positivity. [ 9 ]
For Schleiermacher, the lower self-consciousness is "the animal part of mankind", which includes basic sensations such as hunger, thirst, pain and pleasure, as well as basic drives and pleasures, and higher self-consciousness is, in the words of theologian Dawn DeVries, "the part of the human being that is capable of transcending animal ...
Self-Transcendence versus self-enhancement. The way cultures define the self is essential in conceptualizing happiness. The way cultures define the self is essential in conceptualizing happiness. Whereas the Western concept of the self is primarily based on the ideals of individualism, eastern traditions tend to regard the self as a small part ...
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. [1] It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models [2] and those of the five factor model.
Self-transcendence refers to the interest people have in searching for something elevated, something beyond their individual existence. [23] According to Cloninger's model, self-transcendence can manifest as an intuitive understanding of elevated aspects of humanity, like compassion, ethics, art, and culture. [ 5 ]