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  2. CHKDSK - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHKDSK

    The chkdsk command on Windows XP. CHKDSK can be run from DOS prompt, Windows Explorer, Windows Command Prompt, Windows PowerShell or Recovery Console. [10] On Windows NT operating systems, CHKDSK can also check the disk surface for bad sectors and mark them (in MS-DOS 6.x and Windows 9x, this is a task done by Microsoft ScanDisk).

  3. Recovery Console - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_Console

    The Recovery Console can be started from Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 Setup CD. The Recovery Console can be accessed in two ways, either through the original installation media used to install Windows, or by installing it onto the hard drive and adding it to the NTLDR menu. However, the latter option is much more risky than the former one because ...

  4. Windows Boot Manager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager

    On system with BIOS firmware, the BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition.

  5. NTLDR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLDR

    Performs a directory service repair. [11] /SOS – Disables the graphical boot screen and uses the NT4 style text-boot, listing the Windows build number, version number, etc. In Windows 2000 and XP, the text is rendered inside the CHKDSK bitmap (and with a progress bar in 2000).

  6. Volume boot record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_boot_record

    On partitioned devices, it is the first sector of an individual partition on the device, with the first sector of the entire device being a Master Boot Record (MBR) containing the partition table. The code in volume boot records is invoked either directly by the machine's firmware or indirectly by code in the master boot record or a boot manager.

  7. Black screen of death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_screen_of_death

    MS-DOS and all versions of Windows after Windows 3.1 (Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows 11) also display a black screen of death when the operating system cannot boot. There are many factors that can contribute to this problem, including the ones listed below.

  8. Master boot record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record

    A master boot record (MBR) is a type of boot sector in the first block of partitioned computer mass storage devices like fixed disks or removable drives intended for use with IBM PC-compatible systems and beyond. The concept of MBRs was publicly introduced in 1983 with PC DOS 2.0.

  9. System File Checker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_File_Checker

    In Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 10, System File Checker is integrated with Windows Resource Protection (WRP), which protects registry keys and folders as well as critical system files. Under Windows Vista, sfc.exe can be used to check specific folder paths, including the Windows folder and the boot folder.