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Roger Wolcott Sperry (August 20, 1913 – April 17, 1994) was an American neuropsychologist, neurobiologist, cognitive neuroscientist, and Nobel laureate who, together with David Hunter Hubel [1] and Torsten Nils Wiesel, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work with split-brain research.
In 1945, Roger Sperry showed that it is the location in the brain to which nerves attach that determines experience. He studied amphibians whose optic nerves cross completely, so that the left eye connects to the right side of the brain and the right eye connects to the left side of the brain. He was able to cut the optic nerves and cause them ...
Roger Wolcott Sperry pioneered the inception of the chemoaffinity hypothesis following his 1960s experiments on the African clawed frog. [2] He would remove the eye of a frog and reinsert it rotated upside-down—the visual nervous system would eventually repair itself, [3] and the frog would exhibit inverted vision.
During the 1960s, Roger Sperry conducted a natural experiment on epileptic patients who had previously had their corpora callosa cut. The corpus callosum is the area of the brain dedicated to linking both the right and left hemisphere together.
At Caltech, Gazzaniga worked with Sperry on the effects of split-brain surgery on perception, vision and other brain functions. The surgery, which was a treatment for severe epilepsy, involved severing the corpus callosum, which carries signals between the left-brain hemisphere, the seat of speech and analytical capacity, and the right-brain ...
The concept was first introduced by Michael Gazzaniga while he performed research on split-brain patients during the early 1970s with Roger Sperry at the California Institute of Technology. [5] [6] [7] Sperry eventually received the 1981 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his contributions to split-brain research. [8]
Basic wiring of the brain is established in vivo by a variety of molecular guidance cues, and the wiring is then refined by patterns of neural activity based in sensory experience. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] For synchronization of multiple maps, replay of sensory input in circuits allows neurons to be organized into vertical topographic functional units ...
Sperry studied patients who had undergone corpus callosotomy and detailed their resulting split-brain characteristics. [ 2 ] Improvements to surgical techniques, along with refinements of the indications, have allowed van Wagenen's procedure to endure; corpus callosotomy is still commonly performed throughout the world. [ 5 ]