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Pelvimetry is the measurement of the female pelvis. [1] It can theoretically identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion, which is when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. However, clinical evidence indicate that all pregnant women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry ...
The pelvic exam during pregnancy is similar to the exam for non-pregnant women; however, more attention is given to the uterus and cervix. The size of the uterus is assessed at the initial visit, and the growth of the uterus is assessed at subsequent visits. In the first trimester the uterine size can be assessed on bimanual examination ...
Illustration of fundal height at various points during pregnancy. Fundal height, or McDonald's rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic symphysis.
Peak uterine pressure amplitudes were 50 mmHg; during the 10 minute period of measurement 3 contractions occurred; subtract the resting tone from the peak intensity of the contraction; add the 3 contractions together to get the MVUs; Montevideo units are calculated by obtaining the peak uterine pressure amplitude and subtracting the resting tone.
Fertility awareness methods may be used to avoid pregnancy, to achieve pregnancy, or as a way to monitor gynecological health. Methods of identifying infertile days have been known since antiquity, but scientific knowledge gained during the past century has increased the number, variety, and especially accuracy of methods.
[1] [5] A 2003 study by the group of Pendergrass et al. also using castings as a measurement method, measured vaginal surface areas ranging from 66 to 107 cm 2 (10.2 to 16.6 sq in) with a mean of 87 cm 2 (13.5 sq in) and a standard deviation of 7.8 cm 2 (1.21 sq in) [6]
There are a number of indications for obtaining an endometrial biopsy from a non-pregnant woman: [citation needed]. Women with chronic anovulation such as the polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk for endometrial problems and an endometrial biopsy may be useful to assess their lining specifically to rule out endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
The decidua is the modified mucosal lining of the uterus (that is, modified endometrium) that forms every month, in preparation for pregnancy. It is shed off each month when there is no fertilized egg to support. [1] The decidua is under the influence of progesterone. Endometrial cells become highly characteristic.