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Alkylation unit in a refinery, line width corresponds approximately to the mass flow (SAAU technology) The first alkylation units entered in service in 1940. In 2009 around 1,600,000 barrels per day of capacity were installed worldwide, [5] with an equal share of 800,000 barrels per day for SAAU and HFAU technologies. On the 1st January 2016 ...
C-alkylation is a process for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The largest example of this takes place in the alkylation units of petrochemical plants, which convert low-molecular-weight alkenes into high octane gasoline components.
Isobutane is the principal feedstock in alkylation units of refineries. Using isobutane, gasoline-grade "blendstocks" are generated with high branching for good combustion characteristics. Typical products created with isobutane are 2,4-dimethylpentane and especially 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. [7]
Two sulphur recovery units; Tail gas treatment unit (Brought online in 2015) Fluid catalytic cracker; Propylene – butylene catalytic polymerisation unit; Pressure swing absorber for hydrogen recovery; Cryogenic LPG recovery plant; Propylene recovery and HF alkylation unit
The alkylation process takes place in the presence of an acid - in the Dangote refinery, this is sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4). The plant is called a sulphuric acid alkylation unit (SAAU). [54] The main technology for SAAU is the STRATCO process licensed by DuPont. It is a very established technology for alkylation in refineries.
Isomerization converts linear molecules such as normal pentane to higher-octane branched molecules for blending into gasoline or feed to alkylation units. Also used to convert linear normal butane into isobutane for use in the alkylation unit. Steam reforming converts natural gas into hydrogen for the hydrotreaters and/or the hydrocracker.
Alkylation is the addition of alkyl groups to molecules, often by alkylating agents such as alkyl halides. Alkylating antineoplastic agents are a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example, nitrogen mustards are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons.
Propylene, isobutene, and amylenes are feedstocks in the alkylation units of refineries. Using isobutane, blendstocks are generated with high branching for good combustion characteristics. Amylenes are valued as precursors to fuels, especially aviation fuels of relatively low volatility, as required by various regulations. [3]