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FISH, on the other hand, does not require living cells and can be quantified automatically, a computer counts the fluorescent dots present. However, a trained technologist is required to distinguish subtle differences in banding patterns on bent and twisted metaphase chromosomes. FISH can be incorporated into Lab-on-a-chip microfluidic device ...
In urine cytology, collected urine is examined microscopically. One limitation, however, is the inability to definitively identify low-grade cancer cells and urine cytology is used mostly to identify high-grade tumors. [4] If the test detects atypical or cancerous cells, further tests may be recommended, such as cystoscopy and a CT scan.
Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis, [1] is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination.
Probe design for CISH is very similar to that for FISH with differences only in labelling and detection. FISH probes are generally labelled with a variety of different fluorescent tags and can only be detected under a fluorescence microscope, [4] whereas CISH probes are labelled with biotin or digoxigenin [5] and can be detected using a bright-field microscope after other treatment steps have ...
The only means of obtaining a definitive diagnosis is through the identification of D. renale eggs in a patient's urine. However, obtaining patient history (i.e., if the patient has consumed undercooked or raw freshwater fish) is an important first step that can be coupled with radiological exams [4] to search for enlarged or calcified kidneys.
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Urine cytology; Urine electrolyte levels; Urine organic acids; Urine protein/creatinine ratio; Urine specific gravity; Urine test; Urine test strip; Template:Urine tests; Urine urea nitrogen; Urodynamic testing; Uroscopy
Severe bladder tumors often shed cells into the urine; these can be detected by urine cytology, where cells are collected from a urine sample, and viewed under a microscope. [6] [7] Cytology can detect around two thirds of high-grade tumors, but detects just 1 in 8 low-grade tumors. [8]