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Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a non-invasive technology measuring total electrical conductivity of the thorax and its changes in time to process continuously a number of cardiodynamic parameters, such as stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), ventricular ejection time (VET), pre-ejection period and used to detect the impedance changes caused by a high-frequency, low ...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless transcellular body fluid found within the meningeal tissue that surrounds the vertebrate brain and spinal cord, and in the ventricles of the brain. CSF is mostly produced by specialized ependymal cells in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations .
A Newtonian Fluid is a fluid whose viscous shear stresses (acting between different layers of fluid and between the fluid layer and surface over which it is flowing) are directly proportional to the rate of change of velocity of the flow of the fluid with respect to the distance in the transverse direction (distance measured perpendicular to ...
There is also a re-phased image, which is the magnitude of flow of the compensated signal. It includes bright high signal flow and a background that is visible. [1] The phase-contrast velocity image has greater sensitivity to CSF flow than the magnitude image, since the velocity image reflects the phase shifts of the protons. [5]
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition, in particular body fat and muscle mass, where a weak electric current flows through the body, and the voltage is measured in order to calculate impedance (resistance and reactance) of the body. Most body water is stored in muscle.
Examination of cells in body fluids was historically performed using a hemocytometer, a chamber designed for counting cells microscopically. [11] This technique was limited by poor discrimination between cell types (cells could only be classified as mononuclear or polymorphonuclear) and the low number of cells present in unconcentrated body fluids.
In lean healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% (60–67%) of the total body weight; it is usually slightly lower in women (52–55%). [2] [3] The exact percentage of fluid relative to body weight is inversely proportional to the percentage of body fat. A lean 70 kg (150 lb) man, for example, has about 42 (42–47) liters of water ...
A modern body plethysmograph using ultrasound. A plethysmograph is an instrument for measuring changes in volume within an organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood or air it contains). The word is derived from the Greek "plethysmos" (increasing, enlarging, becoming full), and "graphein" (to write). [1]