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Criminal justice reform seeks to address structural issues in criminal justice systems such as racial profiling, police brutality, overcriminalization, mass incarceration, and recidivism. Reforms can take place at any point where the criminal justice system intervenes in citizens’ lives, including lawmaking, policing, sentencing and ...
Criminal justice reform is the reform of criminal justice systems. Stated reasons for criminal justice reform include reducing crime statistics , racial profiling , police brutality , overcriminalization , mass incarceration , under-reporting , and recidivism or improving Victims' rights , Prisoners' rights and crime prevention .
Sentencing reform is the reform of sentencing. It is a component of the larger concept of criminal justice reform . Reasons for sentencing reform include the effort to change perceived injustices in the lengths of criminal sentences, reducing overcriminalization , improving recidivism and crime prevention .
American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(2) Rhodes, W.M., et al. (2016). Federal sentencing disparity: 2005-2012. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Kathryn Hopkins, Noah Uhrig, and Matt Colahan (2016) Associations between being male or female and being sentenced to prison in England and Wales in 2015.
Critical criminology examines the genesis of crime and the nature of justice in relation to power, privilege, and social status. These include factors such as class, race, gender, and sexuality. Legal and penal systems are understood to reproduce and uphold systems of social inequality.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that the drug offender population in federal prisons rose by 63% from 1998 to 2012 and they accounted for 52% of federal prisoners by 2012. [ 20 ] 35% of these drug offenders were not reoffenders or had minimal criminal backgrounds.
Social inequality usually implies the lack of equality of outcome, but may alternatively be conceptualized as a lack of equality in access to opportunity. [1] Social inequality is linked to economic inequality, usually described as the basis of the unequal distribution of income or wealth.
The injustices of a criminal justice system disproportionately impact Black people; maintaining these racial disparities has a high cost for individuals, families, and communities. On an individual level, a criminal conviction may equate to loss of access to employment, housing, and public service opportunities.