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  2. Embankment (earthworks) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embankment_(earthworks)

    An embankment is a raised wall, bank or mound made of earth or stones, that are used to hold back water or carry a roadway. A road , railway line , or canal is normally raised onto an embankment made of compacted soil (typically clay or rock-based) to avoid a change in level required by the terrain , the alternatives being either to have an ...

  3. Rockfall protection embankment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall_protection_embankment

    A rockfall protection embankment is an earthwork built in elevation with respect to the ground to intercept falling rock fragments before elements at risk such as roads and buildings are reached. This term is widely used in the rockfall community but the terms bunds and walls are sometimes used as alternatives.

  4. Flood embankment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_embankment

    A flood embankment is traditionally an earth wall used to shore up flood waters. Most flood embankments are between 1 metre and 3 metres high. A 5-metre-high (16 ft) flood embankment is rare.

  5. Slope stability analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stability_analysis

    Method of slices. Slope stability analysis is a static or dynamic, analytical or empirical method to evaluate the stability of slopes of soil- and rock-fill dams, embankments, excavated slopes, and natural slopes in soil and rock.

  6. Subgrade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgrade

    Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A.) Subgrade B.) Subbase C.) Base course D.) Paver base E.) Pavers F.) Fine-grained sand Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. In transport engineering, subgrade is the native material underneath a constructed road, [1] pavement or railway track (US: railroad track).

  7. Mechanically stabilized earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically_stabilized_earth

    In addition to the flexibility of MSE walls in design and construction, seismic testing conducted on a large scale shaking table laboratory at the Japan National Institute of Agricultural Engineering (Tsukuba City), showed that modular block reinforced walls, [3] and even more so geocell retention walls, [4] retain sufficient flexibility to ...

  8. Levee - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee

    The side of a levee in Sacramento, California. A levee (/ ˈ l ɛ v i / or / ˈ l ɛ v eɪ /), [a] [1] dike (American English), dyke (British English; see spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural or artificial, alongside the banks of a river, often intended to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river.

  9. Cut and fill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_and_fill

    A mass haul diagram where land and rock cuts are hauled to fills Fill construction in 1909 Cut & Fill Software showing cut areas highlighted in red and fill areas shaded in blue. In earthmoving , cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway , road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill ...