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Vibrio cholerae is a species of Gram-negative, ... and recombination of different V. cholerae genes can lead to new virulent strains. [56]
CTXφ is generally present and integrated into the genome of the V. cholerae bacterium, and more rarely in a virion from outside the bacterium. While integrated into the bacterial genome, CTX prophages are found on each of the two chromosomes (in the O1 serogroup of V. cholerae) or arranged in tandem on the larger chromosome (in the El Tor biotype of V. cholerae). [2]
Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [1] [2] CTX is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. [3] It is a member of the heat-labile enterotoxin family.
Pathogenic Vibrio species include V. cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. V. cholerae is generally transmitted by contaminated water. [3] Pathogenic Vibrio species can cause foodborne illness (infection), usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. [18]
In Vibrio cholerae the martx gene encodes six proteins: the MARTX toxin (RtxA), an acyltransferase (RtxC), a membrane fusion protein (RtxD), two ABC-transporters (RtxB and RtxE), and one protein with unknown function. [3] RtxA is a virulence factor involved in cholera which facilitates colonization of V. cholerae the small intestine
As V. cholerae multiplies, genes of the virulence factors are expressed as amount of CAI-1 accumulates including the ones that encode for the cholera toxin. This toxin has the ability to disrupt electrolyte balance in intestinal epithelial cells which can lead to issues including severe diarrhea, which is known to be a common symptom of this ...
Cholera (/ ˈ k ɒ l ər ə /) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [4] [3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. [3]The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. [2]
In Vibrio cholerae T6SS studies, it has been observed that serotype O37 has high vas gene expression. Serotypes O139 and O1 on the other hand exhibit the opposite, with markedly low vas gene expression. It has been suggested that the differences in expression are attributable to differences in quorum-sensing levels.