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The policy for termination of tribes collided with the Native American peoples' own desires to preserve Native identity. The termination policy was changed in the 1960s and rising activism resulted in the ensuing decades of restoration of tribal governments and increased Native American self-determination.
The consequence of H. Con. Res. 108 was the beginning of an era of termination policy, in which the federally recognized status of many Native American tribes was revoked, ending the government responsibility to tribe members and withdrawing legal protection to territory, culture, and religion.
The Klamath Termination Act was a 1953 law under the US Indian termination policy.The Klamath tribe along with the Flathead, Menominee, Potawatomi, and Turtle Mountain Chippewa, as well as all tribes in the states of California, New York, Florida, and Texas were targeted for immediate termination by House Concurrent Resolution 108 of 1953.
This effort was to promote individualistic values on Native American people. [10] As a continuation of the Dawes Act the Indian termination policy further emphasized individual ownership of land and sold more of reservation land to settlers. [10] Over the next decade the government terminated 109 tribes and removed 2.5 million acres of trust ...
The California Rancheria Termination Acts refer to three acts of Congress and an amendment passed in the 1950s and 1960s as part of the US Indian termination policy. The three Acts, passed in 1956, 1957, [1] and 1958 targeted 41 Rancherias for termination. An additional seven were added via an amendment in 1964.
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 allowed tribes to have more tribal control over federally subsidized programs for Indians. Another important act passed by Congress was the Indian Child Welfare Act , passed in 1978, which granted tribal government jurisdiction over child custody and adoption on the reservation.
Lucy Covington , activist for Native American emancipation. [7] Mary Dann and Carrie Dann (Western Shoshone) were spiritual leaders, ranchers, and cultural, spiritual rights and land rights activists. Joe DeLaCruz , Native American leader in Washington, U.S., president for 22 years of the Quinault Tribe of the Quinault Reservation.
The policy of termination has been seen as a direct attack on the sovereignty of Indian nations - without being considered a reservation or a nation, Indian tribes lost jurisdiction, taxation protection, and emerged into a different world.