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Even before the late 18th–19th century, "metropolitan France" was largely a patchwork of local customs and regional differences that the unifying aims of the Ancien Régime and the French Revolution had only begun to work against, and today's France remains a nation of numerous indigenous and foreign languages, of multiple ethnicities and ...
'Work-study movement in France'; French: Mouvement Travail-Études), was a series of work-study programs which brought Chinese students to France and Belgium to work in factories as a way to pay for their study of French culture and Western science. The programs aimed to train Chinese radicals between the ages of 16 and 30 through first hand ...
Around the start of the 20th century, almost half of all Frenchmen depended on the land for their living, and up until World War II, France remained a largely rural country (roughly 25% of the population worked on the land in 1950), but the post-war years also saw an unprecedented move to the cities: only around 4% of the French continue to ...
Macron did mention a few standouts, such as the opening ceremony on the Seine and the 22-year-old French swimmer Léon Marchand’s haul of gold medals. “But more than that, this is an ...
The contents of cycles varied with date, location, and the purpose of the work. The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (illustrated right) was designed for the personal use of John, Duke of Berry (d. 1416), French prince and magnate, and was unusually large, allowing all the typical elements to be used in many months. It combines astrological ...
The eight-hour work day was became legal in Italy on 17 April 1925, after a law passed 15 March 1923 [25] authorized the king to set a limit on daily work hours, and a royal decree issued on 10 September 1923. The law set a maximum limit of work at 8 hours per day, albeit for six days a week for a 48-hour work week. [26]
Macron announced the surprise vote earlier this month after his centrist alliance suffered a crushing defeat in EU elections. The situation forced him into political maneuvering to pass bills.
It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884, the leading proponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry, declared; "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior races." [74] Full citizenship rights – assimilation – were ...