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Ni 31 Si 12, Ni 2 Si, and NiSi have congruent melting points; the others form via a peritectic transformation. [ citation needed ] The silicides can be made via fusion or solid state reaction between the elements, diffusion at a junction of the two elements, and other methods including ion beam mixing.
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In the case of Ni films with thicknesses above 4 nm, the normal phase transition is given by Ni 2 Si at 250 °C followed by NiSi at 350 °C and NiSi 2 at approximately 800 °C. [4] For films with an initial Ni thickness below 4 nm a direct transition from orthorhombic Ni 2 Si to epitaxial NiSi 2−x, skipping the nickel monosilicide phase, is ...
Special Intelligence (SI) Special Intelligence (so in the CAPCO manual, but always SI in document markings) is the control system covering communications intelligence. Special Intelligence is a term for communications intercepts. [6] The previous title for this control system was COMINT, but this was deprecated in 2011. [7]
Naturally occurring nickel (28 Ni) is composed of five stable isotopes; 58 Ni, 60 Ni, 61 Ni, 62 Ni and 64 Ni, with 58 Ni being the most abundant (68.077% natural abundance). [4] 26 radioisotopes have been characterised with the most stable being 59 Ni with a half-life of 81,000 years, 63 Ni with a half-life of 100.1 years, and 56 Ni with a half ...
The Ni–Al alloy is prepared by dissolving nickel in molten aluminium followed by cooling ("quenching"). Depending on the Ni:Al ratio, quenching produces a number of different phases. During the quenching procedure, small amounts of a third metal, such as zinc or chromium, are added to enhance the activity of the resulting catalyst.
[33] 48 Ni, discovered in 1999, is the most proton-rich heavy element isotope known. With 28 protons and 20 neutrons, 48 Ni is "doubly magic", as is 78 Ni with 28 protons and 50 neutrons. Both are therefore unusually stable for nuclei with so large a proton–neutron imbalance. [9] [34]
Most silicides are produced by direct combination of the elements. [1]A silicide prepared by a self-aligned process is called a salicide.This is a process in which silicide contacts are formed only in those areas in which deposited metal (which after annealing becomes a metal component of the silicide) is in direct contact with silicon, hence, the process is self-aligned.