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Yu Xintian noted two contrary trends in culture due to economic globalization. [72] Yu argued that culture and industry not only flow from the developed world to the rest, but trigger an effort to protect local cultures. He notes that economic globalization began after World War II, whereas internationalization began over a century ago. [73]
Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. This is made possible by the reduction of barriers to international trade, the liberalization of capital movements, the development of transportation, and the advancement of information and communication technologies. [1]
Education is being restructured on market principles - thus, in the realm of higher education, knowledge production and dissemination is becoming commodified. [32] As knowledge management is coming to outweigh labor on the global stage, there is an increasing prevalence of neoliberal economic ideologies.
Shifts in technology associated with globalization have also had an impact on multilingualism and on majority language use generally. Since the 1990s, the widespread use of the internet, and later of smart devices, has expanded the necessity of both receptive language skills like reading and listening and English multilingualism. [ 13 ]
The Institute of International Education (IIE) is researching effective ways that higher education in the United States can grow and create quality study abroad programs within the curriculum. [6] Many K-12 schools within the United States have adapted a Global Education Framework that was created for statewide implementation.
The special concerns of developing countries are of special interest—themes such as transnational higher education, international students and scholars, global trade in educational services, higher education reform, and others. The International Network on Higher Education in Africa (INHEA) has been a special initiative in recent years.
Globalization and Its Discontents is a book published in 2002 by the 2001 Nobel laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz. The title is a reference to Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents . The book draws on Stiglitz's personal experience as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Bill Clinton from 1993 and chief economist at the World Bank ...
The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century is a 2005 book by American political commentator Thomas L. Friedman.It analyzes globalization in the early 21st century, suggesting that the world has a level playing field where countries, companies, and individuals need to remain competitive in a global market.