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Of the seizures that occur within the first four weeks of head trauma, about 10% occur after the first week. [5] Late seizures occur at the highest rate in the first few weeks after injury. [7] About 40% of late seizures start within six months of injury, and 50% start within a year. [11]
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of acquired epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI). [1] A person with PTE experiences repeated post-traumatic seizures (PTS, seizures that result from TBI) more than a week after the initial injury. [ 2 ]
ICD-9 chapters; Chapter Block Title I 001–139: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases II 140–239: Neoplasms III 240–279: Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders
The production of seizure-like symptoms is not under voluntary control; [10] [11] symptoms which are feigned or faked voluntarily would fall under the categories of factitious disorder or malingering. [12] Risk factors for PNES include having a history of head injury, and having a diagnosis of epilepsy. [13]
More than 50% of patients who suffer from a traumatic brain injury will develop psychiatric disturbances. [6] Although precise rates of anxiety after brain injury are unknown, a 30-year follow-up study of 60 patients found 8.3% of patients developed a panic disorder, 1.7% developed an anxiety disorder, and 8.3% developed a specific phobia. [7]
A subdural hygroma (SDG) is a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), without blood, located under the dural membrane of the brain. Most subdural hygromas are believed to be derived from chronic subdural hematomas. They are commonly seen in elderly people after minor trauma, but can also be seen in children following infection or trauma.
A focal aware temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person remains aware of what occurs during the entire seizure; awareness may be retained even if impaired responsiveness occurs during the seizure. [10] A focal impaired awareness temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person becomes unaware during any part of the seizure. [10]
The DSM-IV lists criteria for diagnosis of PCD in people who have had a head trauma with persistent post-traumatic amnesia, loss of consciousness, or post-traumatic seizures. [33] In addition, for a diagnosis of PCD, patients must have neuropsychological impairment as well as at least three of the symptoms marked with a check mark in the table ...