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Medieval architecture was the art and science of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages. The major styles of the period included pre-Romanesque , Romanesque , and Gothic . In the fifteenth century, architects began to favour classical forms again, in the Renaissance style , marking the end of the medieval period.
Most domestic buildings of the Romanesque period were built of wood, or partly of wood. In Scandinavian countries, buildings were often entirely of wood, while in other parts of Europe, buildings were "half-timbered", constructed with timber frames, the spaces filled with rubble, wattle and daub, or other materials which were then plastered over. [10]
Romanesque architecture [1] is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. [2] The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Romanesque is characterized by semicircular arches, while the Gothic is marked by the pointed arches.
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture . Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great ...
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery .
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. [1] [2] As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position
The octagonal brick domical vault was built between 1420 and 1436, with Ghiberti resigning in 1433. [248] Brunelleschi's dome, designed in 1418, follows the height and form mandated in 1367. [240] [246] The dome can be described as a cloister vault, with the eight ribs at the angles concentrating weight on the supporting piers. [241]
Early Gothic architecture was the result of the emergence in the 12th century of a powerful French state centered in the Île-de-France.King Louis VI of France (1081–1137), had succeeded, after a long struggle, in bringing the barons of northern France under his control, and successfully defended his domain against attacks by the English King, Henry I of England (1100–1135).