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Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys.
Some conditions have similar symptoms to chronic prostatitis: bladder neck hypertrophy and urethral stricture may both cause similar symptoms through urinary reflux (inter alia) and can be excluded through flexible cystoscopy and urodynamic tests. [44] [45] [46]
The end results of reflux nephropathy can include high blood pressure, excessive protein loss in the urine, and eventually kidney failure. When reflux nephropathy is suspected as a cause of kidney disease, other conditions to consider include chronic pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy, and analgesic overuse.
The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral. Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic. Historically, this type of ...
This can lead to urinary stasis which can promote infection and stone formation. [4] Kidney infections – associated with vesicoureteral reflux (present in approximately 50% of all patients with renal fusion) which is an abnormal reflux of urine back into the ureters that increases risk of urinary tract infections. [1]
“The most common cause of reflux is a weakening of this valve. But it can also happen when people are overweight. That extra weight puts even more pressure on the stomach and pushes acid up into ...
In those with certain structural problems of the urinary tract or kidney stones, surgery may be required. [1] [3] Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. [5] [7] Young adult females are most often affected, followed by the very young and old. [2]
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