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Common names: southwestern speckled rattlesnake, [2] Mitchell's rattlesnake, [3] more. Crotalus pyrrhus is a venomous pitviper species [2] found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. A medium-sized snake, it is found mostly in rocky country, active at night and feeding on small mammals. The coloration is variable and ...
Rattlesnake fangs are connected by venom ducts to large venom glands near the outer edge of the upper jaw, towards the rear of the head. When the rattlesnake bites, muscles on the sides of the venom glands contract to squeeze the venom through the ducts and into the fangs. When the fangs are not in use, they remain folded against the palate ...
Each time the snake sheds its skin, a new segment is added to the rattle. A snake can shed its skin several times a year, and the rattle is fairly fragile and can be broken, so that the length of a rattlesnake's rattle is not an accurate measure of its age, unless the terminal button is intact.
Brown (1973) lists an average venom yield of 364 mg (dried) and LD 50 values of 4.0, 3.7 mg/kg IV, 6.0, 7.0, 6.7 mg/kg IP and 21.2 mg/kg SC for toxicity. [ 18 ] However, Norris (2004) warned this species has a relatively large venom yield containing high levels of proteolytic enzymes , especially in the adults.
The comparatively low venom yield (6.4–11 mg dried venom) and short 4.0 mm (0.40 cm) to 4.6 mm (0.46 cm) fangs of the tiger rattlesnake possibly prevent severe envenoming in adult humans. However, the clinical picture could be much more serious if the person bitten was a child or a slight build individual.
Crotalus scutulatus is known commonly as the Mohave Rattlesnake. [3] [4] Other common English names include Mojave Rattlesnake [5] [6] and, referring specifically to the nominate (northern) subspecies: Northern Mohave Rattlesnake [4] and Mojave Green Rattlesnake, [7] [5] the latter name commonly shortened to the more colloquial “Mojave green”. [8]
Crotalus basilicus is known to produce large amounts of highly toxic venom, and large specimens should be regarded as very dangerous. [6] Brown (1973) mentioned an average venom yield of 297 mg (dried venom), as well as LD 50 values of 11.1 mg/kg IV and 4.0 and 12.9 mg/kg IP. [10]
Crotamine is a toxin present in the venom of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus). It is a 42-residue-long protein containing 11 basic residues (nine lysines, two arginines) and six cysteines. It has also been isolated from the venom of North American prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis.