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Information can be defined exactly by set theory: "Information is a selection from the domain of information". The "domain of information" is a set that the sender and receiver of information must know before exchanging information. Digital information, for e
Information technology (IT) is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, data and information processing, and storage. [1] IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). [ 2 ]
An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action. Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics. [22]
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications [1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and ...
For a given probability space, the measurement of rarer events are intuitively more "surprising", and yield more information content, than more common values. Thus, self-information is a strictly decreasing monotonic function of the probability, or sometimes called an "antitonic" function.
In this context, either an information-theoretical measure, such as functional clusters (Gerald Edelman and Giulio Tononi's functional clustering model and dynamic core hypothesis (DCH) [47]) or effective information (Tononi's integrated information theory (IIT) of consciousness [48] [49] [50]), is defined (on the basis of a reentrant process ...
The Information Age [a] is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology. [2]
Information history is an emerging discipline related to, but broader than, library history.An important introduction and review was made by Alistair Black (2006). [15] A prolific scholar in this field is also Toni Weller, for example, Weller (2007, 2008, 2010a and 2010b).