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2. Lightfastness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightfastness

   Lightfastness. Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes its resistance to fading when exposed to light. [1][2][3] Dyes and pigments are used for example for dyeing of fabrics, plastics or other materials and manufacturing paints or printing inks. The bleaching of the color is caused by the impact of ...

3. Snell's law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

   Snell's law. Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n 2 > n 1. Since the velocity is lower in the second medium (v 2 < v 1), the angle of refraction θ 2 is less than the angle of incidence θ 1; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.

4. Dioptrique - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptrique

   Dioptrique. La dioptrique (in English Dioptrique, Optics, or Dioptrics) is a short treatise by René Descartes. It was published in 1637 included in one of the Essays written with Discourse on the Method. In this essay Descartes uses various models to understand the properties of light. This essay is known as Descartes' greatest contribution to ...

5. Optical properties - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_properties

   The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include: Refractive index. Dispersion. Transmittance and Transmission coefficient. Absorption.

6. Intensive and extensive properties - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive...

   Extensive properties. An extensive property is a physical quantity whose value is proportional to the size of the system it describes, [8] or to the quantity of matter in the system. For example, the mass of a sample is an extensive quantity; it depends on the amount of substance. The related intensive quantity is the density which is ...

7. Radiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation

   Radiation, in general, exists throughout nature, such as in light and sound. In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. [1][2] This includes: electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, such as visible radiation.

8. Lens - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

   A burning apparatus consisting of two biconvex lens. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis.

9. Foucault's measurements of the speed of light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault's_measurements_of...

   In 1850, Léon Foucault measured the relative speeds of light in air and water. The experiment was proposed by Arago, who wrote, Two radiating points placed one near the other and on the same vertical, shine instantly in front of a rotating mirror. The rays from the upper point reach this mirror only by passing through a tube filled with water ...