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Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...
When teachers expand their knowledge on special education and the needs of students with special disabilities, they shape their perspectives and confidence in teaching an inclusive classroom. [ 30 ] Negative attitudes towards inclusive practices are "attributed to a lack of understanding and a fear of what is unknown".
Equity and inclusion in education refers to the principle or policy that provides equal access for all learners to curriculum and programming within an educational setting. Some school boards have policies that include the terms inclusion and diversity. [1] Equity is a term sometimes confused with equality. [2]
Disability studies in education (DSE) is a field of academic study concerned with education research and practice related to disability.DSE scholars promote an understanding of disability from a social model of disability perspective to "challenge social, medical, and psychological models of disability as they relate to education". [1]
Educational equity, also known as equity in education, is a measure of equity in education. [1] Educational equity depends on two main factors. The first is distributive justice , which implies that factors specific to one's personal conditions should not interfere with the potential of academic success.
Universal access to education [1] is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, race, gender, sexuality, ethnic background or physical and mental disabilities. [2] The term is used both in college admission for the middle and lower classes, and in assistive technology [3] for the disabled.
Inclusion is ultimately a multifaceted practice that involves a variety of approaches across cultures and settings. It is an approach that seeks to ensure that people of differing abilities visibly and palpably belong to, are engaged in, and are actively connected to the goals and objectives of the wider society.
A superficial historical perspective ranging over the past four decades runs the risk of presenting an ideological vision classifying this period in terms of gains and setbacks, without any nuances or transitions. Yet, it is important to observe that the challenges to inclusive education have not been confronted or solutions channelled ...