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Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to that of other PPIs. [9] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [1] [10] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate as Zegerid [11] [12] and as Konvomep. [13]
Use in pregnancy appears to be safe. [5] Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases gastric acid secretion. [5] It works by inactivating (H+/K+)-ATPase function in the stomach. [9] [5] The study of pantoprazole began in 1985, and it came into medical use in Germany in 1994. [10] It is available as a generic medication.
Lansoprazole, sold under the brand name Prevacid among others, is a medication which reduces stomach acid. [4] It is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [5]
Proton-pump inhibitors have largely superseded the H 2-receptor antagonists, a group of medications with similar effects but a different mode of action, and heavy use of antacids. [3] A potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) revaprazan was marketed in Korea as an alternative to a PPI.
Rabeprazole is available in 10 and 20 mg, delayed-release tablets (pictured below). [6] Rabeprazole-based products, like other proton pump inhibitor products, have to be formulated in delayed-release tablets to protect the active medication from being degraded by the acid of the stomach before being absorbed.
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Proton pump inhibitors may be associated with a greater risk of hip fractures [30] and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhoea. [31] Patients are frequently administered the drugs in intensive care as a protective measure against ulcers, but this use is also associated with a 30% increase in occurrence of pneumonia .
Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. [5] It works by blocking H + /K +-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. [3] Dexlansoprazole was approved for medical use in the United States in 2009. [3] In Canada in 2016, it was the most expensive Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) available. [4]