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The word Fenian (/ ˈ f iː n i ə n /) served as an umbrella term for the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood. They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic .
The Fenian threat prompted calls for Canadian confederation. [citation needed] Confederation had been in the works for years but was only implemented in 1867, the year following the first raids. In 1868, a Fenian sympathiser assassinated Irish-Canadian politician Thomas D'Arcy McGee in Ottawa, allegedly in response to his condemnation of the raids.
John was very active in the early days of the Cork Fenian movement. [1] He organised nationalist celebrations on St. Patrick's night 1862 at the Athenaeum club, Cork. [2] Lynch worked as an accountant. [3] The marriage of the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) and Alexandra of Denmark on 10 March 1863 was an occasion for loyalist celebrations ...
He attended the meeting of the Fenian Directory in London on 10 February 1867, and the following day was part of a crowd of around 1000 Fenians who attempted to storm Chester Castle to seize arms and ammunition. It was intended to ship the weapons to Ireland for use in a rebellion, but the plan was betrayed by an informer.
The leader of the Fenian Brotherhood, the scholarly John O'Mahony (who himself served as an officer in the Union Army), thought the Irish veterans should be deployed to Ireland post-haste for a rebellion there, funded by the Irish in America. However, Roberts quickly became the leader of a faction of Fenians with an alternative plan.
The new republican movement in Ireland was quick to realise the propaganda value of the old Fenian's death, and Tom Clarke cabled to John Devoy the message: "Send his body home at once". Against Rossa's wishes to be buried with his father and other victims of the Great Famine, [ 8 ] his body was returned to Ireland for burial and a hero's ...
The U.S. Army was then instructed to seize all Fenian weapons and ammunition and prevent more border crossings. Further instructions on 7 June 1866 were to arrest anyone who appeared to be a Fenian. [citation needed] Fenian commander Brigadier-General Thomas William Sweeny was arrested by the United States government for violating American ...
The remaining Canadian volunteers on the gunboat went back to Port Colborne to inform of the situation while O'Neill the Fenian soldiers stayed in Fort Erie. Later, an estimated 5,000 Canadian militia reinforcements informed of the situation came and surrounded the Fenian movement’s army in Fort Erie.