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Archaic form of Phi. Phi (/ f aɪ /; [1] uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; Ancient Greek: ϕεῖ pheî; Modern Greek: φι fi) is the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet.. In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive ([pʰ]), which was the origin of its usual romanization as ph .
t. e. Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
The symbol ϵ (U+03F5) is designated specifically for the lunate form, used as a technical symbol. The symbol ϑ ("script theta") is a cursive form of theta (θ), frequent in handwriting, and used with a specialized meaning as a technical symbol. The symbol ϰ ("kappa symbol") is a cursive form of kappa (κ), used as a technical symbol.
Eta with acute and smooth breathing. Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a high pitch on a short vowel or rising pitch on a long vowel. Ἢἢ. Eta with grave and smooth breathing. Archaic letter denoting the absence of /h/ prior to the vowel, with a normal or low pitch. Ἦἦ.
In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities and with , is in a golden ratio to if. where the Greek letter phi ( or ) denotes the golden ratio.
The symbol for Jupiter (♃) descends from a Greek zeta with a horizontal stroke, Ƶ , as an abbreviation for Zeus. [ 32 ] [ 34 ] Saturn's astronomical symbol ( ♄ ) has been traced back to the Greek Oxyrhynchus Papyri , where it can be seen to be a Greek kappa - rho with a horizontal stroke , as an abbreviation for Κρονος ( Cronus ...
In number theory, Euler's totient function counts the positive integers up to a given integer n that are relatively prime to n. It is written using the Greek letter phi as or , and may also be called Euler's phi function. In other words, it is the number of integers k in the range 1 ≤ k ≤ n for which the greatest common divisor gcd (n, k ...
In mathematics, the null sign (∅) denotes the empty set. Note that a null set is not necessarily an empty set. Common notations for the empty set include " {}", "∅", and " ". The latter two symbols were introduced by the Bourbaki group (specifically André Weil) in 1939, inspired by the letter Ø in the Danish and Norwegian alphabets (and ...