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Bas-relief, in sculpture, any work where the projection from a supporting background is shallow. Bas-relief contrasts with high relief (alto-relievo), another type of relief sculpture in which projections are deep and may in parts be completely disengaged from the ground, thus approximating.
Two different trends subsequently became apparent in Italian relief sculpture: delicate and low reliefs in marble and terra-cotta by Desiderio da Settignano and Mino da Fiesole, for example, and the more robust and sculptural relief style used by Bertoldo di Giovanni and later by Michelangelo.
Relief sculpture—sculpture that projects in varying degrees from a two-dimensional background—has a distinguished history dating back over 20,000 years in Eastern and Western cultures. Alto-relievo (high relief) approaches three dimensions while bas-relief (low relief) at times is more akin to two-dimensional drawing.
Bas-relief, also known as low relief, is a sculptural technique where figures or designs are carved into a flat surface but remain attached to it. The term “bas-relief” comes from the French word meaning “low relief,” as the figures are only slightly raised from the background.
There are three basic types of relief sculpture: (1) low relief (basso-relievo, or bas-relief), where the sculpture projects only slightly from the background surface; (2) high relief (alto-relievo, or alto-relief), where the sculpture projects at least half or more of its natural circumference from the background, and may in parts be wholly ...
There are 3 basic types of relief sculpture: low relief (or bas-relief), whereby the motifs are only slightly raised above the surface; high relief (or alto-relief), whereby the sculpture projects at least half or more of its natural circumference from the background; and sunken relief (incised, coelanaglyphic, or intaglio relief), whereby the ...
Low relief sculpture: This type of relief sculpture refers to artworks that project only slightly outward from the base and is also known as a bas-relief sculpture.
Low relief was commonly used in early Christian sculpture to depict biblical scenes and figures on church facades and interiors. In late medieval Northern Europe, low relief became a prominent method for storytelling through sculpture, often integrated into altarpieces and public monuments.
Low relief sculpture brings depth to flat surfaces, creating visual intrigue with minimal projection. Artists use carving , modeling , and perspective tricks to craft subtle gradations, while specialized tools and materials enable precise execution.
The central problem of relief sculpture is to contract or condense three-dimensional solid form and spatial relations into a limited depth space. The extent to which the forms actually project varies considerably, and reliefs are classified on this basis as low reliefs (bas-reliefs) or high reliefs.