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Juglone itself was first isolated from black walnut in 1856, and was identified as the compound responsible for its allelopathic effects in 1881. [2] In 1921, a study observed that tomato plants near black walnut trees exhibited wilted leaves, suggesting an adverse interaction. [3]
Black walnut is susceptible to thousand cankers disease, which provoked a decline of walnut trees in some regions. Black walnut is allelopathic, releasing chemicals from its roots and other tissues that may harm other organisms and give the tree a competitive advantage, but there is no scientific consensus that this is a primary competitive factor.
Allelopathic interactions are an important factor in determining species distribution and abundance within plant communities, and are also thought to be important in the success of many invasive plants. For specific examples, see black walnut (Juglans nigra), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), spotted ...
Myth: You Can't Grow Anything Near a Black Walnut Tree. Truth: While the roots of black walnut (Juglans nigra) do release an allelopathic chemical known as juglone that inhibits the growth of some ...
Leaf spot Mycosphaerella juglandis Cylindrosporium juglandis [anamorph] Nectria canker Nectria galligena: Phytophthora root rot Phytophthora citricola Phytophthora cinnamomi. Seedling shoot dieback Phomopsis arnoldiae = Phomopsis elaeagni. Thousand cankers disease: Geosmithia fungus Walnut bunch Phytoplasma organism White mold Microstroma juglandis
Plants can cause reactions ranging from laminitis (found in horses bedded on shavings from black walnut trees), anemia, kidney disease and kidney failure (from eating the wilted leaves of red maples), to cyanide poisoning (from the ingestion of plant matter from members of the genus Prunus) and other symptoms.
Thousand cankers is a recently described disease and its involvement in tree mortality apparently is also recent. The first published note involving black walnut die-offs that likely can be attributed to TCD occurred in the Espanola Valley of northern New Mexico in 2001.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis is an anaerobic, Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria that can affect walnut trees though the flowers, buds, shoots, branches, trunk, and fruit. It can have devastating effects including premature fruit drop and lesions on the plant.