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A roof being framed in the United States circa 1955. Modern timber roofs are mostly framed with pairs of common rafters or prefabricated wooden trusses fastened together with truss connector plates. Timber framed and historic buildings may be framed with principal rafters or timber roof trusses.
It is built with corner post construction on the ground floor, half-timbered style of timber framing on the upper floor and has a less common style of wood roof shingles than typical in America. American historic carpentry is the historic methods with which wooden buildings were built in what is now the United States since European settlement.
Battens are also used in metal roofing to secure the sheets called a batten-seam roof and are covered with a batten roll joint. [2] Some roofs may use a grid of battens in both directions, known as a counter-batten system, which improves ventilation. Roofing battens are most commonly made of wood or metal, but can be made of other materials.
Two king post trusses linked to support a roof. Key:1: ridge beam, 2: purlins, 3: common rafters. This is an example of a "double roof" with principal rafters and common rafters. A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide support for a roof.
Sometimes rafters may be attached directly to the poles. The roof pitch of pole buildings is usually low and the roof form is usually gable or lean-to. Metal roofing is commonly used as the roofing and siding material on pole buildings. The floor may be soil, gravel, concrete slab, or framed of wood.
A hammer-beam is a form of timber roof truss, allowing a hammerbeam roof to span greater than the length of any individual piece of timber.In place of a normal tie beam spanning the entire width of the roof, short beams – the hammer beams – are supported by curved braces from the wall, and hammer posts or arch-braces are built on top to support the rafters and typically a collar beam.
A view of a roof using common purlin framing. The purlins are marked in red. This view is from the inside of the building, below the roof. The rafters are the beams of wood angled upward from the ground. They meet at the top of the gable at a ridge beam, which has extra bracing to attach it to the rafters.
A birds-mouth joint in a rafter, set upon a double top plate. Shown are the two cuts of the joint: the seat cut and the heel cut. In light frame construction, a birdsmouth joint or bird's beak cut is a woodworking joint that is generally used to connect a roof rafter to the top plate of a supporting wall. [1]