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The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".
A set of relations is thus a subset of ()). Replace each well-ordered set with its ordinal. This is the set of countable ordinals ω 1, which can itself be shown to be uncountable. The construction uses replacement twice; once to ensure an ordinal assignment for each well ordered set and again to replace well ordered sets by their ordinals.
This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.
A set of polygons in an Euler diagram This set equals the one depicted above since both have the very same elements.. In mathematics, a set is a collection of different [1] things; [2] [3] [4] these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects of any kind: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical shapes, variables, or even other ...
The axiom schema of replacement asserts that the image of a set under any definable function will also fall inside a set. Formally, let φ {\displaystyle \varphi } be any formula in the language of ZFC whose free variables are among x , y , A , w 1 , … , w n , {\displaystyle x,y,A,w_{1},\dotsc ,w_{n},} so that in particular B {\displaystyle B ...
If A is a set, then the absolute complement of A (or simply the complement of A) is the set of elements not in A (within a larger set that is implicitly defined). In other words, let U be a set that contains all the elements under study; if there is no need to mention U, either because it has been previously specified, or it is obvious and unique, then the absolute complement of A is the ...
Alternative set theories include: [1] Vopěnka's alternative set theory; Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory; Morse–Kelley set theory; Tarski–Grothendieck set theory; Ackermann set theory; Type theory; New Foundations; Positive set theory; Internal set theory; Pocket set theory; Naive set theory; S (set theory) Double extension set theory
Set-builder notation can be used to describe a set that is defined by a predicate, that is, a logical formula that evaluates to true for an element of the set, and false otherwise. [2] In this form, set-builder notation has three parts: a variable, a colon or vertical bar separator, and a predicate. Thus there is a variable on the left of the ...
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