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Nyazee argues that the Shafi'i, championed by Al-Juwaynī, was accepted by Sunni schools of Islamic law but did not, however, determine their fiqh (positive doctrine or teachings). Rather, the fiqh dates to 132 Hijrah A.H., at least 50 years prior to the Shafi'i. Nyazee argues firstly, that due to its unique set of principles of interpretation ...
Historically, the Twelver doctrine of taqiyya was developed by Muhammad al-Baqir (d. c. 732), the fifth of the twelve imams, [46] [47] [48] and later by his successor, Ja'far al-Sadiq (d. 765). [49] At the time, this doctrine was likely intended for the survival of Shia imams and their followers, for they were being brutally molested and ...
Ragep, F. Jamil (1994). "An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan al-Safa, al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina". Isis. 85 (3). University of Chicago Press: 504–505. doi:10.1086/356912. ISSN 0021-1753. Clarke, Peter B. (1980). "An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines".
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Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya (Arabic: العقيدة الطحاوية) or Bayan al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a (Arabic: بيان السنة والجماعة, lit. 'Exposition of Sunna and the Position of the Majority') is a popular exposition of Sunni Muslim doctrine written by the tenth-century Egyptian theologian and Hanafi jurist Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi.
For example, Avicenna gives a philosophical justification for the Islamic doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God) by showing the uniqueness and simplicity of the necessary existent. [15] He argues that the necessary existent must be unique, using a proof by contradiction , or reductio , showing that a contradiction would follow if one supposes that ...
A copy of the Qur'an, one of the primary sources of Sharia. The Qur'an is the first and most important source of Islamic law. Believed to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad through angel Gabriel in Mecca and Medina, the scripture specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed.