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The law applicable to a British hereditary peerage depends on which Kingdom it belongs to. Peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom follow English law; the difference between them is that peerages of England were created before the Act of Union 1707, peerages of Great Britain between 1707 and the Union with Ireland in 1800, and peerages of the United Kingdom since 1800.
This gradually diminished the numerical dominance of hereditary peers. The Act allowed for the creation of female peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords. The first four such women peers were: Barbara Wootton and Stella Isaacs, who were sworn in on 21 October 1958, and Katharine Elliot and Irene Curzon, who took office the next day. [3] [4]
Similarly, Lord Reed was created a life peer in 2019 when he was appointed President of the Supreme Court, [9] all of his predecessors in that role having already been created life peers as former Lords of Appeal in Ordinary. Life peerages may in certain cases be awarded to hereditary peers.
Many cases were heard by Lords with no legal education or experience, and this led to public discontent. It was suggested that more judges be appointed to the House of Lords, but it was not desired that their descendants continue to sit by virtue of the peerages they would have inherited had the judges been created hereditary peers. It was ...
The automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords was abolished in 1999, but life peers are unaffected. Some privileges have been granted to individual lords, but they too had been abolished by the end of the 20th century. Peers also have several other rights not formally part of the privilege of peerage.
The last creation of a non-royal hereditary peer occurred in 1984; even then it was considered unusual. Life peers and 92 hereditary peers still retain the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords, though their power is restricted and further reform of the House of Lords is under consideration.
Hereditary peers of first creation living at the time the House of Lords Act 1999 came into force. 2: Hereditary peers who had served as Leader of the House of Lords living at the time the House of Lords Act 1999 came into force. 3: Suo jure hereditary peeress not otherwise able to enter the House before the Peerage Act 1963. † Died in office Res
She conferred hereditary viscountcies, earldoms and dukedoms on men, mostly during the first twelve years of her reign. She did not confer any marquessates, nor any titles in the peerage of Ireland. See also the preceding Category:Peers created by George VI and the succeeding Category:Peers created by Charles III