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Lead dioxide is produced commercially by several methods, which include oxidation of red lead (Pb 3 O 4) in alkaline slurry in a chlorine atmosphere, [6] reaction of lead(II) acetate with "chloride of lime" (calcium hypochlorite), [9] [10] The reaction of Pb 3 O 4 with nitric acid also affords the dioxide: [2] [11] Pb 3 O 4 + 4 HNO 3 → PbO 2 ...
Lead tetroxide or red lead, Pb 3 O 4, minium, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide and may be thought of as lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+] 2 [PbO 4− 4], vivid orange crystals Lead dioxide (lead(IV) oxide), PbO 2 , dark-brown or black powder
4. Chlorination of plumbite solutions causes the formation of lead's +4 oxidation state. Pb(OH) 2− 4 + Cl 2 → PbO 2 + 2 Cl − + 2 H 2 O. Lead dioxide is representative of the +4 oxidation state, and is a powerful oxidizing agent. The chloride of this oxidation state is formed only with difficulty and decomposes readily into lead(II ...
2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO 2 + O 2 PbCO 3 → PbO + CO 2. PbO is produced on a large scale as an intermediate product in refining raw lead ores into metallic lead. The usual lead ore is galena (lead(II) sulfide). At a temperature of around 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) in air, the sulfide converted to the oxide: [4] 2 PbS + 2 O 2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO 2
6 PbO + O 2 → 2 Pb 3 O 4. The resulting material is contaminated with PbO. If a pure compound is desired, PbO can be removed by a potassium hydroxide solution: PbO + KOH + H 2 O → K[Pb(OH) 3] Another method of preparation relies on annealing of lead(II) carbonate in air: 6 PbCO 3 + O 2 → 2 Pb 3 O 4 + 6 CO 2
Semicrystalline: A solid state in complex organic chemistry where molecules are packed in a regular order but have substantial local disorder. Different structural phases of polymorphic materials are considered to be different states of matter in the Landau theory. For an example, see Ice § Phases. Liquid: A mostly non-compressible fluid. Able ...
Scrutinyite / ˈ s k r uː t ɪ n i. aɪ t / is a rare oxide mineral and is the alpha crystalline form of lead dioxide (α-PbO 2), plattnerite being the other, beta form. The mineral was first reported in 1988 and its name reflects the scrutiny and efforts required to identify it from a very limited amount of available sample material.
Plattnerite is found in numerous arid locations in North America (US and Mexico), most of Europe, Asia (Iran and Russia), Africa and Southern and Western Australia.It occurs in weathered hydrothermal base-metal deposits as hay-like bundles of dark prismatic crystals with a length of a few millimeters; the bundles grow on, or sometimes within various minerals, [5] including cerussite ...