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Recently, a link between cholinergic neuronal activity and the activity of alpha-secretase has been highlighted, [19] which can discourage amyloid-beta proteins deposition in brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease has been identified as a protein misfolding disease, or proteopathy, due to the accumulation of abnormally ...
In medicine, proteinopathy ([pref. protein]; -pathy [suff. disease]; proteinopathies pl.; proteinopathic adj), or proteopathy, protein conformational disorder, or protein misfolding disease, is a class of diseases in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body.
The other protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, also forms such prion-like misfolded oligomers, and there is some evidence that misfolded Aβ can induce tau to misfold. [6] [7] A study has suggested that APP and its amyloid potential is of ancient origins, dating as far back as early deuterostomes. [8]
In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra- or extracellularly. [1] [2] Protein aggregates have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases known as amyloidoses, including ALS, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion ...
Biogen Inc's Alzheimer's drug Aduhelm, approved by U.S. regulators last year for its ability to reduce amyloid brain plaques, also lowers levels of a second protein that accumulates in the brains ...
These protein misfolding and deposition processes disrupt the healthy function of tissues and organs. Such amyloids have been associated with (but not necessarily as the cause of) more than 50 [ 2 ] [ 3 ] human diseases, known as amyloidosis , and may play a role in some neurodegenerative diseases .
In addition, an alpha-synuclein fragment, known as the non-Abeta component (NAC), is found in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. tau: hyperphosphorylated tau protein is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease; tau fibrils are the main component of Pick bodies found in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.
The causes of such diseases can be various but can be concluded into four aspects: genetic mutation, protein misfolding, intracellular mechanisms and programmed cell death. Main classes of neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.[ALS "]
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