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In the US, it is the most commonly used organophosphate insecticide. [6] A malathion mixture with corn syrup was used in the 1980s in Australia and California to combat the Mediterranean fruit fly. [7] In Canada and the US starting in the early 2000s, malathion was sprayed in many cities to combat west Nile virus. [8]
The 2024 IRAC poster of insecticide modes of action includes the majority of chemicals listed below. [5] The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use.
Malathion: Malathion USB, ~ EC, Cythion, maldison, mercaptothion Organophosphate >8 fl oz/acre (58 L/km 2) ⇒ 5.5 days Malathion is highly toxic to bees and other beneficial insects, some fish, and other aquatic life. Malathion is moderately toxic to other fish and birds, and is considered low in toxicity to mammals. [40] Highly toxic ...
Parathion methyl, or methyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide, possessing an organothiophosphate group. It is structurally very similar to parathion-ethyl . It is not allowed for sale and import in nearly all countries around the world, while a few allow it under subject to specified conditions only.
Oxydemeton-methyl is an organothiophosphate insecticide. It is primarily used to control aphids, mites, and thrips. [2] References
Variants with P=S double bonds were developed as insecticides because of their reduced mammalian toxicity. The phosphorothioate P=S bond is converted to the toxic P=O bond in the target insect. Similar oxidative conversion in mammals is slower, conferring lower toxicity in mammals.
Methamidophos, trade name "Monitor," is an organophosphate insecticide.. Crops grown with the use of methamidophos include potatoes [1] and some Latin American rice. [2] Many nations have used methamidophos on crops, including developed nations such as Spain, United States, Japan, and Australia.
Azinphos-methyl is a neurotoxin derived from nerve agents developed during World War II. [4] It was first registered in the US in 1959 as an insecticide and is also used as active ingredient in organophosphate (OP) pesticides. [6]