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The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
For centuries, French society was divided into three estates or orders. The first estate, the highest class, consisted of the clergy. The second estate consisted of the nobility. The third estate consisted of the commoners. It included businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants, landless labourers and servants.
The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (French: révolution de Juillet), Second French Revolution, or Trois Glorieuses ("Three Glorious [Days]"), was a second French Revolution after the first in 1789.
Its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. In France, 14 July is a national holiday called Fête nationale française which commemorates both the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille and the Fête de la Fédération which occurred on its first anniversary in 1790. In English this holiday is commonly referred to as Bastille Day.
Paris was the traditional home of French radical movements. Revolutionaries had gone into the streets and overthrown their governments during the popular uprisings of July 1830 and the French Revolution of 1848, as well as subsequent failed attempts such as the 1832 June Rebellion and the uprising of June 1848.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human and civil rights document from the French Revolution; the French title can also be translated in the modern era as "Declaration of Human and Civic Rights".
The French Revolution. London: William Heinemann Ltd. Mathiez, Albert (1929). The French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. McPhee, Peter (2002). The French Revolution 1789–1799. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-199-24414-6. Mignet, François (1824). History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814. Project Gutenberg eBook.
Joachim Vilate (9 October 1767 in Ahun, Creuse – 7 May 1795), also known as Sempronius-Gracchus Vilate was a French revolutionary figure. The Committee of Public Safety appointed him as member of the jury (juror) of the Revolutionary Tribunal .