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Martin-Schultz scale. The Martin–Schultz scale is a standard color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual; it was created by the anthropologists Rudolf Martin and Bruno K Schultz in the first half of the 20th century.
Eye color is an inherited trait determined by multiple genes. [14] [15] These genes are sought by studying small changes in the genes themselves and in neighboring genes, called single-nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs. The total number of genes that contribute to eye color is unknown, but there are a few likely candidates.
While the spectrum of eye colors is as vast as the human experience itself, one of them is the rarest eye color in the world that only a small percentage of the population possess.
The original Martin scale, summarized below, consists of 16 colors (from light blue to dark brown-black) that correspond to the different eye colors observed in nature due to the amount of melanin in the iris. The numbering is reversed in order to match the Martin–Schultz scale, which is still used in biological anthropology. In this case ...
Eye color is determined by the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris of the eye, in addition to the genes we inherit from our parents. With most eye colors, the amount of melanin is ...
Eye color, specifically the color of the irises, is determined primarily by the concentration and distribution of melanin. Although the processes determining eye color are not fully understood, it is known that inherited eye color is determined by multiple genes. Environmental or acquired factors can alter these inherited traits. [7]
Exploration of the color space outside the range of "real colors" by this means is major corroborating evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision. Chimerical colors can be seen while seeing with one eye or with both eyes, and are not observed to reproduce simultaneously qualities of opposing colors (e.g. "yellowish blue"). [4]
Human eye pigmentation in Europe Among human phenotypes, blue-green-gray eyes are a relatively rare [citation needed] eye color and the exact color is often perceived to vary according to its surroundings. The iris is usually strongly pigmented, with the color typically ranging between brown, hazel, green, gray, and blue.