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Deformation of a thin plate highlighting the displacement, the mid-surface (red) and the normal to the mid-surface (blue) The Kirchhoff–Love theory of plates is a two-dimensional mathematical model that is used to determine the stresses and deformations in thin plates subjected to forces and moments .
Deformation of a thin plate highlighting the displacement, the mid-surface (red) and the normal to the mid-surface (blue) The Kirchhoff–Love theory is an extension of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory to thin plates. The theory was developed in 1888 by Love [2] using assumptions proposed by Kirchhoff. It is assumed that a mid-surface plane can be ...
where E is the Young's modulus of the plate material (assumed homogeneous and isotropic), υ is the Poisson's ratio, h is the thickness of the plate, w is the out–of–plane deflection of the plate, P is the external normal force per unit area of the plate, σ αβ is the Cauchy stress tensor, and α, β are indices that take values of 1 and ...
A plate is a structural element which is characterized by a three-dimensional solid whose thickness is very small when compared with other dimensions. [ 1 ] The effects of the loads that are expected to be applied on it only generate stresses whose resultants are, in practical terms, exclusively normal to the element's thickness.
Bending of plates, or plate bending, refers to the deflection of a plate perpendicular to the plane of the plate under the action of external forces and moments. The amount of deflection can be determined by solving the differential equations of an appropriate plate theory .
Vibration mode of a clamped square plate. The vibration of plates is a special case of the more general problem of mechanical vibrations.The equations governing the motion of plates are simpler than those for general three-dimensional objects because one of the dimensions of a plate is much smaller than the other two.
The macula corresponds to the central 17 degrees diameter of the visual field; the fovea to the central 5.2 degrees, and the foveola to 1–1.2 degrees diameter. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Note that in the clinical literature the fovea can refer to the central 1–1.2 deg, i.e. what is otherwise known as the foveola, and can be referred to as the ...
Steel Design, or more specifically, Structural Steel Design, is an area of structural engineering used to design steel structures. These structures include schools , houses , bridges , commercial centers , tall buildings , warehouses , aircraft , ships and stadiums .