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In meteorology and aviation, terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a format for reporting weather forecast information, [1] particularly as it relates to aviation. TAFs are issued at least four times a day, every six hours, for major civil airfields: 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC, [2] and generally apply to a 24- or 30-hour period, and an area within approximately five statute miles (8.0 km ...
The following is an example METAR from Burgas Airport in Burgas, Bulgaria. It was taken on 4 February 2005 at 16:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). METAR LBBG 041600Z 12012MPS 090V150 1400 R04/P1500N R22/P1500U +SN BKN022 OVC050 M04/M07 Q1020 NOSIG 8849//91= METAR indicates that the following is a standard hourly observation.
VOLMET (French origin vol (flight) and météo (weather report)), or meteorological information for aircraft in flight, is a worldwide network of radio stations that broadcast TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports on shortwave frequencies, and in some countries on VHF too. Reports are sent in upper sideband mode, using automated voice transmissions.
SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY.
The QNH altimeter setting is one of the data included in METAR messages. An alternative setting is QFE or SPS/STD: An alternative setting is QFE or SPS/STD: QNH - is the barometric altimeter setting that causes an altimeter to read aircraft elevation above mean sea level - altitude ( AMSL - above mean sea level) in ISA temperature conditions in ...
Free air temperature FATO final approach and take off FB Winds aloft: World Meteorological Organization abbrev. see also FD FBO fixed-base operator: Airfield operations FBS fixed base simulator: Flight crew training FBW fly-by-wire: FCC Flight Control Computer FC flight crew: FCF functional flight check Check functionality after maintenance FCMC
Other forms of these advisories include winter weather, high wind, flood, tropical cyclone, and fog. [92] Severe weather advisories and alerts are broadcast through the media, including radio, using emergency systems as the Emergency Alert System , which break into regular programming.
Cornerstone Schools is a system of charter schools in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It has four K-8 campuses and Cornerstone Health + Technology High School, all located in the city. [1] [2] They were first established in 1991.