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  2. Bulgars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgars

    A piece of ethnographic evidence which has been invoked to support the belief that the Bulgars worshipped Tengri/Tangra is the relative similarity of the name "Tengri" to "Tură", the name of the supreme deity of the traditional religion of the Chuvash people, who are traditionally regarded as descendants of the Volga Bulgars. [163]

  3. Byzantine–Bulgarian wars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine–Bulgarian_wars

    The Bulgars retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul, the minister of Malamir, they reached Adrianople. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgars captured Philippopolis and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgar victories and others to the continuation of construction activities ...

  4. Battle of Kleidion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kleidion

    The ensuing battle was a major defeat for the Bulgarians. Thousands of Bulgarian soldiers were captured and blinded by order of Basil II, who would subsequently be known as the "Bulgar-Slayer". Samuel survived the battle, but died two months later from a heart attack, reportedly brought on by the sight of his blind soldiers.

  5. Buerger's test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buerger's_test

    Buerger's test is performed in an assessment of arterial sufficiency. It is named after Leo Buerger . The vascular angle , which is also called Buerger's angle , is the angle to which the leg has to be raised before it becomes pale, whilst lying down .

  6. Decline of the Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Byzantine...

    In order to secure his authority during the civil war, Kantakouzenos hired Turkish mercenaries. Although these mercenaries were of some use, in 1352 they seized Gallipoli from the Byzantines. [3] By 1354, the empire's territory consisted of Constantinople and Thrace, the city of Thessalonica, and some territory in the Morea. “At that time ...

  7. History of Bulgaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria

    The Bulgars were a semi-nomadic people of Turkic descent, originally from Central Asia, who from the 2nd century onwards dwelled in the steppes north of the Caucasus and around the banks of river Volga (then Itil). A branch of them gave rise to the First Bulgarian Empire. The Bulgars were governed by hereditary khans. There were several ...

  8. Medieval Bulgarian army - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_army

    The early Bulgars were a warlike people and war was part of their everyday life, with every adult Bulgar obliged to fight. The early Bulgars were exclusively horsemen: in their culture, the horse was considered a sacred animal and received special care. The supreme commander was the khan, who mustered the army with the help of the aristocracy.

  9. First Bulgarian Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire

    It is often further specified as the Danube Bulgarian Khanate, or Danube Bulgar Khanate [18] [19] in order to differentiate it from Volga Bulgaria, which emerged from another Bulgar group. From the country's Christianization in 864 and the assumption of the imperial title by its rulers in 913, the country is also referred to as the Principality ...