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Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age though many that survive experience disabilities including learning defects and visual and hearing problems. Causes for early birth may be unknown or may be related to certain chronic conditions such as diabetes, infections, and other known causes.
It may also be known as freebirth, [1] DIY (do-it-yourself) birth, [2] unhindered birth, [3] and unassisted home birth. [4] Unassisted childbirth is by definition a planned process, and is thus distinct from unassisted birth due to reasons of emergency, lack of access to a skilled birth attendant, or other.
Vivipary is rare in snakes, but boas and vipers are viviparous, giving birth to live young. [29] Female aphid giving birth. The majority of insects lay eggs but a very few give birth to offspring that are miniature versions of the adult. [18] The aphid has a complex life cycle and during the summer months is able to multiply with great rapidity.
A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring in mammals (babies in humans) through the vagina (also called the "birth canal"). [1] It is the most common method of childbirth worldwide. [ 2 ] It is considered the preferred method of delivery, as it is correlated with lower morbidity and mortality than caesarean sections (C-sections), [ 3 ...
Different terms are used to describe prenatal development, meaning development before birth. A term with the same meaning is the "antepartum" (from Latin ante "before" and parere "to give birth") Sometimes "antepartum" is however used to denote the period between the 24th/26th week of gestational age until birth, for example in antepartum ...
Teenage pregnancy is also known as adolescent pregnancy. [181] The WHO defines adolescence as the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years. [182] Adolescents face higher health risks than women who give birth at age 20 to 24 and their infants are at a higher risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and other severe neonatal conditions.
Being upright during labour and birth can increase the available space within the pelvis by 28–30% giving more room to the baby for rotation and descent. There is also a 54% decreased incidence of foetal heart rate abnormalities when the mother is upright. [ 9 ]
Water birth is childbirth that occurs in water, usually a birthing pool. It may include the use of water for relaxation and pain relief during the first stage of labour, birth into water in the second stage of labour, and the delivery of the placenta in the third stage of labour.