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Jackals are canids native to Africa and Eurasia.While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many canines of the subtribe canina, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas) and side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta) of Central and Southern Africa, and the golden jackal (Canis aureus) of south-central Europe ...
The black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas), [3] [4] [5] also called the silver-backed jackal, is a medium-sized canine native to eastern and southern Africa. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers.
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, such as the promotion of the African golden wolf to a separate species from the golden jackal, and splitting out the Lupulella genus from Canis ...
Lupulella is a genus [2] [3] [4] of canine found in Africa. [5] This genus consists of only two extant species, the black-backed jackal ( Lupulella mesomelas ) and the side-striped jackal ( Lupulella adusta ).
The African wolf was previously classified as an African variant of the golden jackal, though a series of analyses on the species' mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome in 2015 demonstrated that it is a distinct species more closely related to the gray wolf and coyote.
Its anatomy and morphology relate it more to the modern golden jackal than to the two African jackal species, [20] [21] the black-backed jackal and the side-striped jackal. [20] The oldest golden jackal fossil was found at the Ksar Akil rock shelter located 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Beirut, Lebanon.
The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), [4] also called the red jackal, the Simien jackal or Simien fox, is a canine native to the Ethiopian Highlands. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the horse jackal. It is similar to the coyote in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. [5]
The side-striped jackal tends to be less carnivorous than other jackal species, and is a highly adaptable omnivore whose dietary preferences change in accordance to seasonal and local variation. [18] It tends to forage solitarily, though family groups of up to 12 jackals have been observed to feed together in western Zimbabwe.